The Hunters: Phantom Chapter 21

When she opened her eyes, Elena found herself in someone's attic. Its wide wooden floorboards and low rafters were thick with dust, and the long room was crowded with objects: a hammock, sleds, skis, boxes with words like Xmas or toddler toys or B's winter clothes scribbled on them in black marker. Oilcloths were draped over larger objects that might be furniture, chairs and tables, by their shapes. At the far end of the room an old mattress lay on the floor, with an oilcloth crumpled at one end, as if someone sleeping there had been using it as a makeshift blanket and had shoved it off when they rose. Faint traces of pale light showed around the edges of a smal shuttered window at the nearer end of the attic. There was a soft rustling, as if mice were going about their private business behind the shelter of the stored furniture. It was al weirdly familiar. She looked back toward the far end of the attic and saw, without the faintest sense of surprise, that Damon was now sitting on the old mattress, his long black-clad legs drawn up, his elbows resting on his knees. He was managing to give the appearance of lounging graceful y despite his awkward position. â€Å"The places where we meet are getting less and less elegant,† she told him dryly. Damon laughed and held up his hands in denial. â€Å"You pick the locations, princess,† he said. â€Å"This is your show. I'm just along for the ride.† He paused thoughtful y. â€Å"Okay, that's not entirely true,† he confessed. â€Å"But you do pick the locations. Where are we, anyway?† â€Å"You don't know?† Elena said with mock indignation. â€Å"This is a very special place for us, Damon! Ful of memories! You brought me here right after I became a vampire, remember?† He looked around. â€Å"Oh, yes. The attic of the house where the teacher was staying. Convenient at the time, but you're right – an elegant setting suits us both much better. May I suggest a nice palace next time?† He patted the mattress next to him. Elena, crossing the floor toward him, took a moment to marvel at how realistic and detailed her dream was. Each step she took sent tiny puffs of dust up from the floor. There was a slight scent of mildew: She couldn't remember ever having smel ed anything in a dream before these visions of Damon. When she sat down, the mildew smel got stronger. She nestled close to Damon anyway, resting her head on his shoulder, and his leather jacket creaked as he put his arm around her. Elena closed her eyes and sighed. She felt safe and secure within his embrace, feelings she had never associated with Damon, but they were good ones. â€Å"I miss you, Damon,† she said. â€Å"Please come back to me.† Damon leaned his cheek against her head, and she breathed in the smel of him. Leather and soap and the strange but pleasant woodsy scent that was Damon's own. â€Å"I'm right here,† he said. â€Å"Not real y,† Elena said, and her eyes fil ed with tears again. She wiped them roughly away with the backs of her hands. â€Å"It feels like I've been doing nothing but crying lately,† she said. â€Å"When I'm here with you I feel safer, though. But it's just a dream. It won't last, this feeling.† Damon stiffened. â€Å"Safer?† he said, and there was a strained note in his voice. â€Å"You aren't safe when you're not with me? Isn't my little brother looking after you properly?† â€Å"Oh, Damon, you can't imagine,† Elena said. â€Å"Stefan†¦Ã¢â‚¬  She took a deep breath, put her head in her hands, and began to sob. â€Å"What is it? What's happened?† asked Damon sharply. When Elena didn't answer, just continued to cry, he took her hands and tugged them gently but firmly away from her face. â€Å"Elena,† he said. â€Å"Look at me. Has something happened to Stefan?† â€Å"No,† said Elena through her tears. â€Å"Wel , yes, sort of†¦ I don't real y know what's happened to him, but he's changed.† Damon was looking at her intently, his nightblack eyes fixed on hers, and Elena made an effort to pul herself together. She hated acting like this, so weak and pathetic, sobbing on someone's shoulder instead of cool y formulating a solution to the problem at hand. She didn't want Damon, even a dream Damon who was just part of her subconscious, seeing her like this. She sniffled and wiped her eyes with the back of her hand. Damon delved into an inner pocket of his leather jacket and handed her a neatly folded white handkerchief. Elena stared at it, then at him, and he shrugged. â€Å"I'm an oldfashioned gentleman, sometimes,† he said, straight-faced. â€Å"Hundreds of years of linen handkerchiefs. Some habits are hard to break.† Elena blew her nose and wiped her cheeks. She didn't quite know what to do with the soggy handkerchief – it seemed gross to hand it back to Damon – so she just held on to it, twisting it between her hands as she thought. â€Å"Now tel me about what's going on. What's wrong with Stefan? What happened to him?† Damon commanded. â€Å"Wel†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Elena said slowly, â€Å"I don't know what's wrong with Stefan, and I don't know if anything happened to change him that you don't already know about. Maybe he's just reacting to your†¦ you know.† It suddenly seemed weird to refer to Damon's death when he was sitting next to her – impolite somehow – but Damon nodded at her to go on. â€Å"It's been hard on him. And he's been even more tense and weird for the last couple of days. Then, earlier this evening, I was visiting my parents in the cemetery†¦Ã¢â‚¬  She told Damon about Stefan's attack on Caleb. â€Å"The worst part is that I never suspected this side of Stefan existed,† she finished. â€Å"I can't think of any real reason he had to attack Caleb – he just claimed that Caleb wanted me, and that he was dangerous, but Caleb hadn't done anything – and Stefan seemed so irrational, and so violent. He was like another person.† Elena's eyes were fil ing with tears again, and Damon pul ed her closer, stroking her hair and gently peppering her face with soft kisses. Elena closed her eyes and gradual y relaxed into his arms. Damon held her more firmly, and his kisses got slower and deeper. Then he was cradling her head with his strong, gentle hands and kissing her mouth. â€Å"Oh, Damon,† she murmured. This was more vivid than any dream she'd ever had. His lips were soft and warm, with just a little roughness to them, and it felt like she was fal ing into him. â€Å"Wait.† He kissed her more insistently but, when she pul ed away, let her go. â€Å"Wait,† Elena repeated, sitting up straight. Somehow she had lain back until she was half reclining across the musty old mattress with Damon, her legs entangled with his. She moved away from him, toward the edge of the mattress. â€Å"Damon, whatever's going on with Stefan scares me. But that doesn't mean†¦ Damon, I'm stil in love with Stefan.† â€Å"You love me, too, you know,† Damon said lightly. His dark eyes narrowed. â€Å"You're not getting rid of me that easily, princess.† â€Å"I do love you,† Elena said. Her eyes were dry now. She thought she might be al cried out, at least for the moment. Her voice was quite steady as she added, â€Å"I'l always love you, I guess. But you're dead.† And Stefan is my true love, if I had to choose between you, she thought, but did not say. What was the point? â€Å"I'm sorry, Damon,† she went on, â€Å"but you're gone. And I'l always love Stefan, but suddenly I'm afraid of him, of what he might do. I don't know what's going to happen to us. I thought things would be easy now that we're home again, but awful things are stil happening.† Damon sighed and lay back on the mattress. He stared up at the ceiling in silence for a moment. â€Å"Listen,† he said final y, lacing his fingers across his chest. â€Å"You've always underestimated Stefan's potential for violence.† â€Å"He's not violent,† Elena said hotly. â€Å"He doesn't even drink human blood.† â€Å"He doesn't drink human blood because he doesn't want to be violent. He doesn't want to hurt anyone. But Elena† – Damon reached out and took her hand – â€Å"my little brother's got a temper. I know that if anyone does.† Elena shivered. She knew that, back when they were humans, Stefan and Damon had kil ed each other in a fit of rage over what they thought was Katherine's death. Katherine's blood had been in both their systems, and they had risen again as vampires that night. Their anger and jealousy over a lost love had destroyed them both. â€Å"However,† Damon continued, â€Å"much as it pains me to admit it, Stefan would never hurt you, and wouldn't hurt anyone else without a real reason. Not without the kind of reason you would approve of. Not these days. He might have a temper, but he's also got a conscience.† He smirked a little and added, â€Å"An annoying, self-righteous kind of conscience, of course, but it's there. And he loves you, Elena. You're the whole world to him.† â€Å"Maybe you're right,† Elena said. â€Å"I'm scared, though. And I wish you were there with me.† She looked at him, as sleepy and confiding as a tired child now. â€Å"Damon, I wish you weren't dead. I miss you. Please come back to me.† Damon smiled and kissed her softly. But then he pul ed away and Elena could feel the dream changing. She tried to cling to the moment, but it faded and Damon was lost to her again. â€Å"Please be careful, Damon,† said Sage, worry lines marring his bronzed forehead. It wasn't often that the muscular Keeper of the Gates looked worried – or spoke only one language at a time – but ever since Damon had staggered back from death and out of the ashes, Sage had spoken softly and clearly to him in English, treating the vampire as if he were likely to shatter at any minute. â€Å"I usual y am careful,† said Damon, leaning against the wal of what they cal ed, for want of a better term, the mystical elevator. â€Å"Unless I'm being heart-stoppingly brave, of course.† The words were right, but to Damon's own ears, his voice sounded off: hoarse and hesitant. Sage seemed to hear the wrongness there, too, and his handsome face furrowed in a frown. â€Å"You can stay longer if you want.† Damon leaned back against the plain white wal . â€Å"I have to go,† he said wearily, for what felt like the mil ionth time. â€Å"She's in danger. But thank you for everything, Sage.† He wouldn't be here now without Sage. The powerful vampire had cleaned Damon up, given him clothes – stylish black clothes in the right size – and fed him blood and rich Black Magic wine until Damon had been hauled back from the edge of death and realized who he was again. But†¦ Damon didn't feel like himself. There was a strange empty ache inside him, as if he'd left something behind, buried deep under the ash. Sage was stil frowning, staring at him with grave concern. Damon pul ed himself together and gave Sage a sudden bril iant smile. â€Å"Wish me luck,† he said. The smile helped: The other vampire's face relaxed. â€Å"Bonne chance, mon ami,† he said. â€Å"I wish you the very best of luck.† Bilingual again, Damon thought. I must be looking better. â€Å"Fel ‘s Church,† he said into the empty air. â€Å"The United States, the mortal realm. Somewhere I can hide.† He raised a hand in solemn salute to Sage and pushed the elevator's single button. Elena woke up in darkness. She ran a quick and automatic mental check: smooth, fabric-softener-scented cotton sheets, dim light from the window past the foot of her bed on the right, the faint sound of Robert snoring in his and Aunt Judith's bedroom at the other end of the hal . Her own old familiar room. Home again. She heaved a deep sigh. She didn't feel quite as mired in despair as she had when she climbed into bed; things were dark, but she could admit there was a possibility they might someday get better again. But her eyes and throat felt raw from crying. She missed Damon so much. A floorboard creaked. Elena stiffened. She knew that creak. It was the high, complaining whine the floorboard over near her window gave if you stepped right in the middle of it. Someone was in her room. Elena lay very stil , running through the possibilities. Stefan would have announced himself as soon as he heard her sigh. Was it Margaret, quietly wandering in to crawl into bed with Elena? â€Å"Margaret?† she asked softly. There was no answer. Her ears straining, Elena thought she could make out the sound of slow, heavy breathing. Suddenly the lamp on her desk was switched on, and Elena was temporarily dazzled by the bright light. She could see only the silhouette of a dark figure. Then her vision cleared. And at the foot of her bed, a half smile on his chiseled face, dark eyes wary, as if he was unsure of his welcome, stood a figure dressed al in black. Damon.

Dances with Wolves Essay

Making friends with wolves and Indians? Two things an American soldier would have never dreamed of. â€Å"Dances with Wolves† is the name rightly given to Lieutenant John Dunbar by the Sioux Indian tribe he befriends. The director, Kevin Costner stars in this award winning film masterpiece. The plot of this movie involves unrealistic aspects that are convoluted yet resolved. The dialogue was simplistic and believable due to the complexity of communication between the white people and Indians. The unrealistic aspects begin the movie off when John Dunbar rides horse- back into confederate lines alone, and comes out without harm done. This act was viewed as an act of suicide yet John undermines this unbelievably. The themes in this movie include racism, love and friendship, and loyalty and betrayal. Racism is shown by the white American soldiers who judge the Indians by stereotypes before they meet them. John Dunbar is the exception because he shows compassion and peace toward them which is ultimately beneficial as they help each other in various ways, one being the buffalo hunt. Friendship is created by John showing kindness to the Sioux, and love comes later on when John marries the white Sioux Stands with Fists. When the Union soldiers came out to Dunbar’s soldier fort, then he returns from living with the Sioux, they mistake him as a trader. John unsuccessfully tries to show them he has not betrayed the Union, but made peace with the Sioux. The recurring symbols in Dances with Wolves are presented in the title: a wolf and a dance. Dunbar is at first afraid of the wolf, as the wolf is of him. Over time, Dunbar gets over his fear and becomes fascinated with the wolf. He gains the wolf’s trust by feeding him. Eventually, they become used to each other. It is unusual for these two natural enemies to become friends, but Dunbar’s willingness to â€Å"get to know† the wolf leads him to  understand that the stereotypical view of the wolf as a savage killer is not accurate. This is an exact comparison of the relationship of Dunbar and the Sioux Indian tribe. The acting in Dances with Wolves was well done and very genuine in my personal opinion. Kevin Costner performed astoundingly well as John Dunbar. He really seemed to connect with the character. Also, as Kevin being the director gave a n advantage and emphasis on the way the acting turned out as a whole. The actors who played Indians were amazing, as they should be for being professional actors. These roles were tough to encompass but as a whole the cast was phenomenal. The viewers of this film, from my perspective were satisfied with the film and did not get bored as the action packed scenes keep you on your toes and engrossed in the movie at all times. The costumes were very realistic and and well made. The film was quite advanced being made in the time period it was. St. David’s field in Tennessee had a lot to offer the creation of the movie. The significance of the set was the vast landscape performed on. The great prairie has no limit on space which I feel the film benefited greatly from. The buffalo hunt could not have been filmed differently in regards to the land. Also the amount of horseback riding was greatly influenced by the plethora of open field and grassland. At the end of Dances with Wolves, the viewer is left awestruck by the forbidden love of a white man and his foreign friends. The courage of this white man to fight against all odds and accomplish something miraculous is unbelievable for the time period, making it the movie of a generation that will live on in the hearts of the viewers.

An Overview of Selective Amino acid Based NLO Crystals

An Overview of Selective Amino acid Based NLO Crystals Piperidine ring is one of the most recognizable structural entities among heterocyclic molecules [24]. Piperidine has a six-membered ring similar to cyclohexane with one methylene (CH2) replaced by secondary amino (NH) group. In 1853, Cahours, discovered the alkaloid piperine 1, which occurs in black pepper. Piperidine which was first isolated from piperine 1, inhibits human P-glycoprotein and CYP3A4. Thousands of piperidine compounds have been cited in clinical and preclinical studies. The synthesis of piperidine is easy, economic and less time consuming. The parent molecule is flexible in nature and hence various derivatives can be easily prepared by altering its substituent. In recent years, research efforts have been made in exploring novel organic materials for their potential use in a variety of devices. The materials which could produce green/blue laser light and could withstand high energy light radiation are of vital importance for their uses in devices. The basic understanding of organic nonlinear optical materials has been well established and extensive studies have been motivated by their wide range of potential applications. Optical second-harmonic generation (SHG) induced by an acoustical field was observed in several composites, both in bulk as well as in large sized nano crystallite samples. The effect is generally explained by a non-centrosymmetric spatial charge density distribution of photo carrier excitation under an external acoustical field due to the electrostriction (photo acoustical) effects. An organic molecule should possess large second-order hyperpolarizability to exhibit good non-linear optical properties. ОІ can be enha nced by increasing the intermolecular charge transfer interaction and by extending the size of conjugated system. The piperidine derivatives are well known for their outstanding green light transmittance much better than those observed in inorganic crystals and show conspicuous inclination to crystallize as non-centrosymmetric materials. The structural flexibility of organic compounds is an asset for materials with optimized second order NLO susceptibility, fast response and tailor-made flexibility. An innumerable of organic crystals are synthesized and grown as a part of this. One of the noticeable requirements for nonlinear crystal is that it should have excellent optical quality. For a device to flourish, it is vital that it should meet a number of criteria such as optical nonlinearity, chemical and thermal stability for life time system capability. Organic NLO materials are attracting a great deal of attention for possible use in optical devices because of their large optical nonlinearity, low cut-off wavelengths, fast response time and high thresholds for laser power. Most of the organic molecules show large nonlinear optical response, with the electron-donor and electron-acceptor groups located at the extreme of a system involving correlated and high delocalized П-electron states. A nonzero SHG behavior is present in centrosymmetric crystals if chiral molecules and circularly polarized light are used. It has been recognized that the two-photon optical properties of materials should be affected by the donor acceptor strength, the molecular structure, the conjugation length and the intermolecular charge transfer etc. The D-A conjugated oligomers usually have two types of molecular structures, such as asymmetrical D-A type and symmetrical D-A-D or A-D-A type. The optical properties of these oligomers can be easily tuned by the introduction of different donor or acceptor moieties. Apart from structural flexibility, which allows fine-tuning of chemical structures for the desired NLO properties, the organic materials are of great technological interest due to their low cost, ease of fabrication, handy integration into devices, low dielectric constant, high electro-optic coefficient value, and resistance to laser damages. Polar organic crystals, which form non-centrosymmetric crystal structures, are attracting much interest due to their potentially high nonlinearities and a rapid response in electro-optic effects that often surpass those on inorganic nonlinear optical materials.

Improvement of Coca Cola Market Decision Making Research Paper

Improvement of Coca Cola Market Decision Making - Research Paper Example The company has a variety of products, and it licenses or possesses more than 500 brands. With is vast empire worldwide the company has grown to become a market leader that is considered one the influential organization in the world. The company has grown from operating within the city of Atlanta in 1886 to operating in more than two hundred nations currently. It has further grown from selling 8 glasses of soft drinks to 1.8 billion bottles a day. Furthermore, the company has over 300 hundred bottling branches and organizations worldwide, which are the link between the company and its customers. The company manufactures syrup that is sent to these organizations to produce the soft drinks that are distributed to the consumers. The company values its customers who sell and consumes its products worldwide and it considers them a significant part of its sustainability process. INTRODUCTION The company focuses on producing light and diet beverages, waters, juice drinks, and coffees, as we ll as tea. It also provides energy and sports beverages, operating in over 200 nations. It has its headquarters in Atlanta, Georgia with around 140 000 employees. The company has been successful in its businesses registering revenues of $35, 119 million in the financial year of 2010. This was an increment from of 13.3% from the previous financial year. The beverage was initially being sold in glasses, but it was later sold in the bottles, first in 1894, to make it portable, and enhanced its distribution to other states.   The tools applied include Affinity Diagrams, Control Charts, and SWOT analysis that have enabled the company to remain relevant in the market and become a leading organization in the production of the non-alcoholic beverages worldwide. ANALYSIS Affinity tool diagram The Coca-Cola Company has managed to dominate the non-alcoholic beverages world because it applies the right decision-making tools concerning its products worldwide. Since the company operates in more than 200 nations, it faces the problem of utilizing a lot of information and ideas, which affect their targeted audience. The affinity tool diagram, comes in handy, in ensuring that large sums of data and information are gathered from ideas of groups, through the process of brainstorming, to ensure that the information is prompted, based on the natural affiliations of the groups 8 Parnell, 2011). The company ensures that it melds the perceptions, ideas, and opinions as well as insights of a faction that is conversant or well acquainted with the modern market changing trends (Hoerl and Snee, 2012). This includes the marketing and advertising segments, who gather the relevant information, which the managerial body of the company, uses to make decisions that affect the investments and marketing strategies of the organization. These decisions are aimed at ensuring the sustainability of the company in the market as well as attaining the maximum possible returns.  Ã‚  

Georgia Cancer Foundation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Georgia Cancer Foundation - Research Paper Example In midst of such cancer crisis, Georgia Cancer Foundation (2010) is one of the non-profit organizations that are playing a significant and momentous role in preventing and reducing the number of cancer patients on this planet, specifically in the United States. In specific, 1975 witnessed establishment of this non-profit organization with the name of Southeastern Cancer Foundation (GCF, 2010), which later changed into its present name, Georgia Cancer Foundation. Since then, it has been momentous in putting efforts to plan and arrange provision of education and awareness facilities to residents of Georgia in the United States. Besides planning and arranging educational programs, the foundation is responsible for providing facilities of early detection of cancer agents in the human body that has been very significant in reducing the number of cancer patients that reach the level of untreatable cancer. One of the noteworthy attributes of Georgia Cancer Foundation (GCF, 2010) is its huge scope that includes all types of cancer, and thus, the foundation caters individuals coming from different and diverse backgrounds while fulfilling their requirements related with the disease of cancer. In order to cater all the residents of Georgia, the foundation runs a support group network that consists of different cancer services, especially of women that have been very beneficial for the organization to endeavor for the cause of cancer. With such networking of cancer services, the Georgia Cancer Foundation (GCF, 2010) has been successful in proving itself as the leader in the field of cancer care in the US state of Georgia. Statistics (GCF, 2010) have indicated that only in Georgia, approximately six thousand women get their breast cancer diagnosed in the state that points out the urgent need for an organization to focus on the women at risk of getting breast cancer. For this

Decision Usefulness approach vs. Measurement Approach Research Paper

Decision Usefulness approach vs. Measurement Approach - Research Paper Example This research will begin with the Decision Useful Approach. This approach motivates the application of decision models. The approach is based on the concept that if financial statements cannot be prepared correctly, then financial statements must be presented in such a manner so as to reflect useful information focusing on users and the decision problems that they face. The approach assumes that if the financial and accounting is useful to investors, then trading volume of stocks should experience a surge and securities prices are also expected to increase or respond in predictable manner relative to publicly available accounting information. The Single-Pearson decision theory aims to understand how an investor makes rational decisions under circumstances of certainty. The theory appreciates the concept of information and enables decision makers to keep informed and modernize their beliefs. The concept uses the publicly available financial statements as source of information. The rat ionale or principle of portfolio diversification is as follows: Maintain a balance between risk and return Assurance that the different securities held for investment are negatively correlated which will give an assurance of protection in case of any market shortfall and an expectation of positive returns. Diversification of investment reduces the risk underlying the investment. Investment in a single stock of a particular company increases the substantial risk attached with the particular investment. The Optimal Portfolio Investment The concept of optimal investment falls under modern portfolio theory and assumes that investors prefer to minimize risk while striving for maximizing their expected returns. (Source: Spreadsheetml.com, http://www.spreadsheetml.com/finance/freeportfoliooptimization.shtml, 2013) The theory states investors will act rationally and thus they will always make decisions that will aim at maximizing their expected return for given tolerable level of risk. Portfolio Risk It is one of the concepts used in risk-return analysis that gives an estimate of actual returns relative to expected returns of an investment. Important factors which are considered in measuring portfolio risks are standard

The Rationale of the Supreme Court's Decision in Citizen United (The Essay

The Rationale of the Supreme Court's Decision in Citizen United (The Majority Opinion by Justice Kennedy) - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that in the course of 2008 election, Citizens United, a conservative non-profit organization, produced Hillary: The Movies, a documentary criticizing Senator Hillary Clinton by then. The movie was considered by Federal Election Commission (FEC) as an electioneering communication due to the political nature of the movie and because Citizen United aimed at purchasing airtime on a video-on-demand service on a cable television. Thus, this movie was subject to laws governing the production of political advertisements as well as limitations on who may fund them. Citizen United prosecuted in federal court to capsize decision lost and appealed to the Supreme Court. When pronouncing their verdict, the majority maintained that political speech is crucial to a democracy, which is not less than truth due to the fact that the speech originated from a corporation. The majority also asserted that disclosure requirements of BCRA were constitutional as appl ied to Hillary: The Movie, with a reason that a governmental interest justified disclosure by offering the electorate with information regarding election-connected spending resources. They also maintained the disclosure rules for political advertising sponsors and it maintained the outlaw on direct contributions to candidates from organizations and unions. Books Llc asserts that in a separate compatible opinion, Justice Steven stressed the manner in which the court handles constitutional issues and its efforts to shun constitutional issues when at all probable. He asserted that here, the court lacked narrower grounds upon which to rule, apart from handling issues of the First Amendment personified in the case. Steven also argued that corporations are not members of society and that there are convincing governmental interests to control ability of corporations to spend money in the course of local and national elections. Even though majority rationale was right when it said that poli tical speech is crucial to a democracy as it influence electorates, it was not right for them to rule against Citizen United. This is because as far as First Amendment has to be observed, all citizens have constitutional rights to express themselves freely and freedom of speech.

Mountaintop Removal Coal Mining Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Mountaintop Removal Coal Mining - Essay Example The first process of this heavily mechanized mining method is clearing of any vegetation in the site, and then powerful explosives are deployed turning the immediate surface weak thus making it easy for powerful machines to dig through it. Big trucks are continuously being filled with earth debris which is constantly taken away from the site. Then a powerful machine known as the dragline digs through the rocks to expose the coal deposits. Finally, giant machines scoop the coal and deposit the load on waiting trucks for transportation (Perks 2). This mining method is actively taking place in the Central Appalachia region spanning across four states that include, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia and Kentucky in Central America (Perks 2). A continuous increase in electricity demand and a reduction in the once easily accessed coal has led to the ever increasing coal mines in the Central Appalachian mountain tops. This has resulted to the destruction of mountaintops in the hundreds thus loosing the beauty they once possessed since the land is left bare with little or no vegetation. Many environmental organizations’ have called to the immediate halt of this mining method since they argue it poses eminent danger to the environment and to the wellbeing of the surrounding communities. The environmental implications brought about by this economic activity cannot be understated. The damage that has been caused by the mountaintop removal coal mining method on the water bodies, the wildlife and the forest cover around the Central Appalachian mountaintops has led to a disrupted ecosystem (Perks 2). From the cleared forest cover to the disposal of waste and debris into the neighboring valleys, the environmental degradation of the Central Appalachian region has been on a steady rise.... This valley fills become large expanses of barren land, which because of their toxic nature it becomes impossible to develop. Mining companies do not embark on reforestation exercises as required by law and instead plant non native grass to replace the forest of hardwoods that was once present (Perks 4). The remaining waterways that are not entirely blocked by the mine valley fills run the risk of being heavily polluted. The toxic nature of these valley fills makes the water streams that run from them carry toxic chemicals and trace metals that are not only harmful to the aquatic life, but also to the surrounding wildlife and human population (Perks 3). EPA estimates that over 60% of the streams located in the Central Appalachian region are compromised by the hazardous amount of toxic chemicals and heavy metals. A study done by the EPA has found levels of magnesium, calcium, manganese, dissolved solids and water hardness have increased significantly, thus greatly compromising the qua lity of the water to any life form around the area (Perks 3). Apart from the solid waste that create valley fills, the liquid waste that is created by water that is used to wash the coal for impurities so that it can be ready for the market. The liquid waste is a mixture of carcinogenic chemicals, small particles of coal that contain mercury and arsenic which are considered harmful heavy metals and all other chemical compounds found in coal (Chhotray 5). Liquid waste from the mining process is put in storage in an enormous, risky impoundment that is usually located near a water body. Backwater spills that frequently occur from these

Reflection on Peacebuilding Simulation Assignment

Reflection on Peacebuilding Simulation - Assignment Example Mike can de-escalade the conflicts between the communities by acknowledging the needs of both parties and their position. The communities have their differences, and knowing what each community expects from the other is a start. The communities need to be brought down and have a talk about the reason for their uncooperativeness. Addressing such issues might be helpful as the real cause of conflict can be noted. Events that might make the escalation be fully blown might include the rising cases of rapes, vandalism and the children of the Westerners being harassed by the Mendozan and Marenese kids (Fischer & Crowe, 2007). This might make the communities seek vengeance against one another, which will in turn cause full escalation to arise. The normal position amid the two parties is that despite the conflicts, and differences they have, the communities living in Blue River do not want to see the economy of the place deteriorate. That is the reason why they are running their businesses; for the Westerners, the shops are open frequently, compared to others that are fighting to keep their businesses alive. The westerners might not be able to accept the culture of the people who lived there initially; the Mendozans and Marenese, and this might cause more problems to arise. There is a difference in beliefs, traditions and the ways of lives of the communities in Blue River (Malek, 2012). Mike should make sure that the riots do not happen again, and this can be done by looking at the grievances of the communities. If the grievances of the communities of Blue River are not addressed, there is the possibility of another riot. Engaging with the communities is a way in which relationship between the communities can be built. The communities in Blue River cannot meet face to face because of the riot that occurred. Some problems that might arise include murders, continued vandalism and rise in rapes. There should be patrols all over the area, from

Zara Technoligy can Change Everything Term Paper

Zara Technoligy can Change Everything - Term Paper Example So he integrated forward, opening the first Zara store in La Coruna in 1975(Mcafee et al., 2007, p.3). The growth of Zara was phenomenal since its establishment in 1975. The success of first Zara store encouraged Ortega to open more clothing stores across Spain. It is often said that the innovation and ability to produce new products and services are decisive factors in boosting the growth of an organization. Zara did succeed in introducing new clothing products and trends in the market quite rapidly. Moreover, Ortega gave more emphasize to the production of new designs based on the rapidly changing industry trends, which helped him to compete effectively in the market. 1985 was a year which has huge importance in the history of Zara. Two major events occurred in this year that changed the entire face of the company. â€Å"First, Inditex (Industria de Diseno Textil) was formed as a holding company atop Zara, other retail chains and a network of internally owned suppliers. Second, Jo se Maria Castellano Rios joined the company† (Mcafee et al., 2007, p.3). Being an expert in IT, Castellano did everything possible to incorporate computer related technologies at every corners of the company. He had realized that without computers and internet, no industry can look forward and he changed the face of the company from a low end clothing company to a high end technology based clothing company. It should be noted that the net margin of Inditex increased from 7.21% to 11.2% during the period of 1996 to 2002 (Mcafee et al., 2007, p.16). The above statistics clearly suggest that the company is growing in the right direction since the introduction as a result of the innovative business strategies and the judicious use of technology in all the functional departments. â€Å"At the beginning of 2003, Inditex operated 1,558 stores in 45 countries, of which nearly 550 were part of the Zara chain. For its fiscal-year 2002, Inditex had posted a net income of A438 millionâ⠂¬  (Mcafee et al., 2007, p.5). The growth of Zara can be better understood with the help of Michael Porter’s five forces model. Zara and Porter’s five forces model Michael Porter’s famous five forces model is used extensively at present in business sectors to analyze the competitive power of an organization in the market. It helps business people to realize their strengths and weaknesses. Since market is changing rapidly because of the rapid technological growth, no organization can secure their top spot in the market, if they are reluctant in making periodical changes in their business strategies. For example, the rivalry between Apple and Microsoft is famous. Even though Microsoft concentrated only in the operating system market, Apple diversified its portfolios to many other fields and they became the most valuable technology company in the world at present, pushing Microsoft far behind. In other words, organizations should make changes in their business st rategies based on the changes in the market in order to keep their competitive power intact all the time. Porter’s five force model helps organizations to measure their competitive power at a given time period. Porter model can be used to foresee the future threats and opportunities and the organizations can plan well accordingly. According to Michael Porter, five competitive forces that may affect an organization are; Threat of substitute products, Threat of new entrants, Intense rivalry among existing players, Bargaining power of suppliers and Bargaining power of Buyers (Porter’s Five Forces Model, 2009). The following illustration makes these points clearer. (Porter’

The Yellow Wallpaper Essay Example for Free

The Yellow Wallpaper Essay Throughout the study of literature, it is believed that most works cannot be fully understood without a biographical strategy. In order to understand a work, the reader must understand the author’s life and experiences to grasp the full concept of that work. In Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s short story â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper,† Gilman uses symbolism, personification, and other literary tools to portray the way women were treated throughout this particular era. Gilman also uses a romanticism approach when writing â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†. The narrator believes that the woman trapped in the wallpaper, symbolizes her and all the other women living in the male dominant society. Romanticism represents an art for arts sake. Born in 1860, Charlotte Perkins Gilman was forced into an era of male supremacy. Gilman was abandoned by her father from infancy and often left into the care of relatives including Harriet Beecher Stowe and feminist activists, Isabella Beecher Hooker and Catherine Beecher. Strong and influential women, struggling for their place in a male dominant world, shaped Gilman’s childhood. The women made Gilman an independent young lady, teaching her importance of exercise and philosophy, over that of clothes and jewelry. At the age of 24, Gilman married her first husband, Charles Walter Stetson. After having her daughter the next year, Gilman went into a deep depression. The noted neurologist, S. Weir Mitchell, examined her. He told her to follow his ‘rest cure’ of complete bed rest and limited intellectual activity. This meant no writing. Gilman realized that this ridiculous cure was actually driving her more insane, so she removed herself from Mitchells care. When her health got better during a trip to California she paired her emotional problems to her marriage and decided to leave her husband. In 1900, Gilman married for the second time to her cousin George Houghton Gilman. Gilman continued her feministic journey until discovering she was diagnosed with Breast Cancer. She left a final note that read, â€Å"When one is assured of unavoidable and imminent death, it is the simplest of human rights to choose a quick and easy death in place of a slow and horrible one. Charlotte Perkins Gilman took her life on August 17, 1935, in Pasadena, California, at the age of 75. Gilman’s main intent in â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper,† is to portray the way women were viewed and treated during this time period. In the later 19th century, men were the superior race. Women oftentimes went from being born into a house with a father; to being married off to someone they weren’t exactly happy to be with, leaving no time for a woman to experience life without someone â€Å"in-charge† of them. Gilman did not want to be like other woman of this time, she redefined womanhood, proclaiming that men and women were to be equal. This ‘new woman’ was to be an intelligent, well-informed, and well-educated free thinker, the creator and expresser of her own ideas. She was to be economically self-sufficient, socially independent, and politically active. She would share the opportunities, duties, and responsibilities of the workplace with men, and together they would share the solitude of the hearth. Finally, the new woman was to be as informed, assertive, confident, and influential as she was compassionate, nurturing, loving, sensitivea woman of the world as well as of the home. Gilmans vision of an autonomous female challenged not only the traditional cult of true womanhood but the concepts and values of family, home, religion, community, capitalism, and democracy. † (De Simone) â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper,† starts off with the main character, Jane, talking of a â€Å"colonial mansion,† that seems to be a place to vacation. Gilman gives detail of this set-back home that almost gives the reader an eerie feeling, which foreshadows events to come. When Jane starts to describe her husband, she gives the sense that he mocks her and he often laughs at her. This symbolization gives insight to her own life where she often felt mocked and taken for granted by men. As the story goes in deeper, Jane tells that she is going to the house because of the rest care she was prescribed, very similar to that of Gilman’s. When they get to the house, Jane enables the reader to see the room with the yellow wallpaper. The windows were barred and there were restraints on the bed and she tells of scratches on the walls and ceilings. Jane believes that this room could have been a nursery or a babysitting room, but this does not make sense because when Jane reaches out to scratch the walls, she can barely even touch. How could a young child have ever reached if Jane, a grown woman, could not? As time goes on, Jane gradually learns to enjoy the room she is staying in, except for the dreaded yellow wallpaper. After being in the room for so long and dwelling on the wallpaper, Jane discovers someone trapped behind it. Jane believes she is getting better in health, but secretly is becoming obsessed with the woman, or so she believes, behind the wallpaper. Throughout the story, Gilman uses the romanticism approach. Romanticism expresses sensibility and passion. A romantic writer incorporates symbols, myths and images in their writing to help tell the story. Jane recognizes herself as the women trapped in the wallpaper. She believes that it symbolizes her feeling trapped in the house and under the control of her husband. She uses the Gilman tells of the room with barred windows and restraints as if it were a normalcy. Reading more into the story, the reader can gather that Gilman was symbolizing this room as a woman in a man’s world. The windows are barred, showing that there is no escape from that way, as there is no escaping a man in the universe. The restraints symbolize that a man can hold a woman back, along with keeping her close so that she doesn’t wander off. The idea of the woman creeping behind the paper mirrors Jane creeping to write, while being told that it is not recommended for her treatment. Although the ideas may be far out, the story that Gilman tells reflects her own life in many ways. When Gilman introduces the woman behind the wallpaper, it’s almost as if she is introducing herself into the story. Jane possesses many qualities and characteristics that Gilman portrayed in her own life and when Jane sees the woman in the wallpaper, it’s just like Gilman’s conflict with her own mind. It symbolizes a woman’s want to break away from society and be her own person in this world that has a complete control over her. Whether it’s a father, husband, or even brother, this time period focused on male’s first. The woman was told what to do and how to act and there was no room left for questions or disobedience. â€Å"Life is very much more exciting now than it used to be. You see I have something more to expect, to look forward to, to watch. I really do eat better, and am more quiet than I was. John is so pleased to see me improve! He laughed a little the other day, and said I seemed to be flourishing in spite of my wall-paper. † (Gilman 165) This quote displays Jane’s new obsession with the wallpaper and the thought that she is truly getting better. The fact that she mentions John’s happiness with her health leads the reader to think that he is a caring man, but after understanding Gilman’s own life, makes the reader see him as the domineering husband that he is. ’Ive got out at last,’ said I, ‘in spite of you and Jane. And Ive pulled off most of the paper, so you cant put me back! ’ Now why should that man have fainted? But he did, and right across my path by the wall, so that I had to creep over him every time! † This last quote is one of the most meaningful parts of the entire short story. While saying this, Jane makes herself become the woman in the wallpaper. Not only is it just a thought anymore, but when she lashes at her husband by saying â€Å"you and Jane,† Jane loses her sense of identity and takes on the role of the woman behind the wallpaper. She tells him that he cannot put her back, symbolizing that Jane does no longer want to be restrained to the room, nor him. Even after he faints, he is still in Jane’s way, leaving her to creep around him still. â€Å"Even while considering herself a writer, and implying that she could have been a notable artist, throughout her life, Gilman qualified her artistic achievements by insisting that what she had done was ‘perfect of its kind, but not art'; that she was devoted to ‘literature and lecturing,’ but that her writing was ‘not, in the artistic sense, literature. (Heilmann) Gilman was an impeccable example of what happens when a woman’s potential is seen over. She led a successful life and her work has helped the female race raise awareness of their capability in life. Although Gilman lived a long time ago, her work then has given females today a better understanding of where they have been, but also where they are going.

Cognitiveâ€behavioural Syndromes of Neglect and Anosognosia

Cognitive–behavioural Syndromes of Neglect and Anosognosia Considering the neuropsychological diseases discussed during the course, critically compare and discuss theoretical interpretations of at least two syndromes Consciousness is one of the most interesting phenomena of the human mind. Consciousness refers to the integration of the cognitive experiences about self and the external environment (Orfei et al., 2007). However, when this psychological function is damaged, it may lead to dysfunctions in the attention and awareness of personal identity. The focus of the following essay is to provide insight into why the cognitive–behavioural syndromes of neglect and anosognosia for hemiplegia that occur following right hemisphere stroke develop, and to evaluate to what extent this is true, taking into consideration their theoretical interpretations. Anosognosia has been defined by Babinsky (1914) as an impairment leading to unawareness of neurological and cognitive deficits following a brain injury. Individuals who suffer from anosognosia present with motor impairments which lead to gait and self-care deficits and are unaware of their impairments in functioning (Kortte Hillis, 2010). The syndrome of anosognosia often co-occurs with visuo-spacial neglect (Prigatano et al., 2011). Heilman, Watson and Valenstein (1994) defined neglect as a deterioration in attention towards or in response to a stimuli, which is not attributable to a motor or sensory impairment. Neglect is presented as a spectrum, with a variety of forms based on the regions of the lesion, the mode of outputs, reference frame and the sensory modality (Hillis Caramazza, 1995). Alongside their co-occurrence, anosognosia and neglect also overlap in terms of lesion sites, to be more specific, the right temporo-parietal junction, the superior and middle temporal gyri and the right insula (Beschin, Cocchini, Allen Della Sala, 2012). The lesion in the right temporo-parietal junction is extremely important in mechanisms of selective attention. More recent neuroimaging studies have recommended that parts of the parietal and temporal cortex are creating a supramodal structure that interposes goal-directed attention in multiple sensory modalities (Chambers, Stokes Mattingley, 2004). Furthermore, neuroimaging studies show that the insula is very important in self-awareness and in one’s convictions about the functioning of their body parts (Karnath, Baier Nagele, 2005). Taking these in consideration, a lesion in these areas will lead to a dysfunction in directing attention towards a specific stimulus and about their beliefs of body parts functioning, therefore affecting the motor system. The two theoretical interpretations that provide a link between anosognosia and neglect, taking in consideration the dysfunctions presented earlier, are the attentional interpretation model for neglect and the feed-forward model for anosognosia. The attentional interpretation model is a model proposed by Heilman et al. (1993) which states that each hemisphere is provided with its own attentional neurological system, with the attentional system in the right hemisphere directing attention towards both sides of the visual field, whereas the attentional system in the left hemisphere directing attention only towards the right visual field. Therefore, if there is a damage to the left hemisphere, there won’t be a severe right neglect, whereas if there is a lesion to the right hemisphere, the patient will be unable to direct his/hers attention to the left visual field (Bisiach et al., 1998). Corbetta et al. (1993) conducted a PET study on 24 healthy volunteers in order to identify what are the neural systems involved in changing spatial attention towards a visual stimulus in the right or left visual field. Results showed that the right parietal cortex was activated when the participant was required to shift their attention in each visual field, whereas the left parietal lobe was active only when the participants had to change their attention to the right visual field. These finding suggest that the parietal and frontal regions control different aspects of special selection and also support the model proposed by Heilman et al. (1993). However, the attentional interpretation model cannot account for the dysfunctions in the motor system on its own. Therefore, we have to also take in consideration the attentional-arousal hypothesis and the directional hypokenisia. The attentional-arousal hypothesis suggests that neglect is predominantly a form of inattention emerging from the failure of triggering arousal that is needed to activate the neuronal systems necessary for spatial attention (Heilman Valenstien, 1972; Watson et al., 1973, 1974). Furthermore, the attentional hypothesis appears to be in close connection with the motor intention, since when one is directing his/hers attention towards a specific location, one is also ready to perform an action in that direction (Heilman Valenstien, 2003). Directional hypokenisia suggests that patients who suffer from neglect are reluctant in initiating movements towards the contralesional side. Moreover, even when patients are directing attention towards the neglected side and have imposed on them a strategy, their performance not only remained abnormal, but it doesn’t improve (Heilman Valenstien, 1979). In a study conducted by Heilman and Valenties (1979), six patients with neglect were asked to identify a letter that was presented either to the left or right at the end of a line, before bisecting it. The task included lines that were placed at either the left of the body midline, the right, or the centre. Results showed that participants performed significantly better when the line was placed to the right side of the body rather than the left side. These results suggest that the neglect syndrome is a defect in the orienting response. Heilman and Valenstien (1979) suggested that this response appears in anticipation of an action, using the increased arousal to lower the sensory threshold. Therefore, lesions inducing neglect are affecting the arousal (as previously mentioned via the attentional-arousal hypothesis), leading to the inability of the hemisphere to prepare for the action. Based on the same dysfunction of the computational model of motor control is the feed-forward model for anosognosia. More recent theories established on the recent computational models of motor control proposed by Frith et al. (2000), suggest that anosognosia results from an abnormality in motor planning. This theory suggests that, under normal circumstances, in order to develop the intention to move, â€Å"forward models† are being used in order to generate accurate indicators about the approaching sensory feedback. However, if an intended movement is not executed as planned, than a comparator will detect a discrepancy between what it was predicted and the absence of sensory feedback. Therefore, this error can be used to inform the motor system of a malfunction. Furthermore, Heilman and colleagues (1998) proposed that anosognosia is a ‘motor intentional deficit’ which appears from a failure to form motor intentions. Therefore, if the development of an intention t o move is deficient, then the comparator doesn’t receive any instructions about the outline of the movement and the patient considers that the movement has been executed, although no movement has taken place (Gold et. al, 1994). Fotopoulou et al. (2008) conducted a study in which they investigated the role of motor intention in anosognosic patients compared to non-anosognosic patients by detecting whether the anosognosic patients were able to identify the presence or absence of movement focusing only in the visual evidence. False visual feedback of movement in the left paralysed arm was used on four hemiplegic with and four without anosognosic patients. This false visual feedback was delivered using a prosthetic rubber hand. Results showed that patients with anosognosia were more likely than patients without anosognosia to ignore the visual feedback and believe that they moved they hand if there was an intention to move the hand (in the self-generated condition) than when the experimenter moved the rubber hand or when there was no movement. These results support that anosognosia reflects a dominance of motor intention prior to action over the sensory information received after the movement was made (Fotopoul ou et al., 2008). Although the studies presented above do provide a lot of insight in the computational model of awareness and provide an explanation of why these disorders have symptoms such as dysfunctions in directing attention towards a specific stimulus and also about their beliefs of body parts functioning, there are a few limitations to whether these theoretical interpretations can account by their one for the two syndromes. Firstly, although they may co-occur, anosognosia and neglect have also been observed separately. Cocchini, et al. (2009) investigated whether anosognosic patients present with unawareness in a group of 42 left hemisphere damaged patients, using a structured interview and the Visual-Analogue Test for Anosognosia for Motor Impairment (Della Sala, Cocchini, Beschin Cameron, in press). Their results showed that eight anosognosic patients and another twelve patients who were aware of their motor impairments didn’t showed signs of neglect. These results confirm that anosognosia couldn’t be thought of always co-occurring with neglect. Secondly, these results also suggest that there is a double dissociation between anosognosia and neglect (Bisiach et al., 1986). Dauriac-Le Masson et al. (2002) investigated this double dissociation by looking at two patients with a subacute right hemisphere stroke. Their investigation revealed that one of the patients suffered from a severe left hemiplegia which was associated with unilateral neglect and he showed signs of being aware of his motor impairment, whereas the second patient showed a severe anosognosia for hemiplegia, therefore with unawareness towards his motor impairment. These results suggest that although these two syndromes co-occur, they may rely on independent mechanisms because of their double dissociation. And lastly, both anosognosia and neglect are multifaceted processes (Marcel et al., 2004) and only the dysfunction in the computational model of motor control cannot account for all the symptoms of these two syndromes. To be more specific, even when patients who suffer from neglect and anosognosia are aware of their deficits, they still deny them. House and Hodges (1988) detail the case of an 89-year-old woman who suffered left-side paralysis after a right-hemisphere stroke. Although the experimenters demonstrated that her left arm was completely paralysed and her leg nearly paralysed, she failed to understand the severity of her condition and believed that she could still look after herself and walk, although she was in a wheelchair. Furthermore, Marcel et al. (2004) also described the case of several patients who although they were aware of their paralysed limbs, they still overestimated their abilities and believed they can perform bi-manual activities such as clapping their hands or tying a knot. These patients provide examples of another theory of anosognosia, the motivational theory which the patient denies his/hers deficit in order to maintain unharmed his/hers psychological balance (Weinstein Kahn, 1955; Weinstein, 1991). In conclusion, the focus of the essay was to provide insight into why the cognitive–behavioural syndromes of neglect and anosognosia for hemiplegia occur, and to evaluate to what extent this was true, by paying attention to their theoretical interpretations. As stated before, due to the lesions to the tempo-parietal region, the gyrus and insula there are dysfunctions in attention and beliefs about body parts functionality. The attentional intention model for neglect (together with the attentional-arousal hypothesis and the directional hypokenisia) and the feed-forward model for anosognosia provide a satisfactory explanation for these deficits by suggesting that there is a dysfunction in the motor system. For the neglect patients the lesions affect the arousal which leads to the inability to prepare them for action. For the anosognosic patients the lesions lead to a failure to form motor intentions, to be more specific if the intention to move is impaired , then the comparator doesn’t receive instructions about the planned action and the patient considers that the movement has been executed, even if that didn’t happen. However, these theoretical interpretations of dysfunctions in motor control cannot account on their own for all the symptoms of neglect and anosognosia. Previous literature suggests that although the incidence of co-occurrence is high, there are cases where anosognosia and neglect appear independently and present double dissociations. Furthermore, as proposed by Marcel et al. (2004) both syndromes are multifaceted syndromes and it can’t be possible that only one theoretical interpretation can account for these. In conclusion, both anosognosia and neglect are very interesting phenomena which have captured the attention of many researches, however fundamental issues of theoretical interpretations have not still been answered. References: Babinski J. (1914) Contribution a` l’e ´tude de troubles mentaux dans l’he ´miplegie organique ce ´re ´brale. Revue Neurologique 27, 845–847. Beschin, N., Cocchini, G., Allen, R., Della Sala, S. (2012). Dissociation between anosognosia and neglect demonstrated by mean of a treatment response bias. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 22(4), 550-562. Bisiach,E.,Vallar,G.,Perani,D.,Papagno,C.,Berti,A (1986).Unawareness of disease following lesions of the right hemisphere: anosognosia for hemiplegia and anosognosia for hemianopia.Neuropsychologia, 24, 471-482. Bisiach, E., Ricci, R., Modona, M.N. (1998). Visual Awareness and Anisometry of Space Representation in Unilateral Neglect: A Panoramic Investigation by Means of a Line Extension Task. Consciousness and Cognition, 7(3), 327-355. Chambers, C.D., Stokes, M.G., Mattingley, J.B. (2004). Modality specific control of strategic spatial attention in parietal cortex. Neuron, 44(6), 925-930. Cocchini, G., Beschin, N., Cameron, A., Fotopoulou A. Della Sala, S. (2009). Anosognosia for motor impairment following left-brain damage. Neuropsychology, 23, 223-230. Corbetta, M., Miezin, F.M., Shulman, G.L., Petersen, S.E. (1993). A PET study of visuospatial attention. Journal of Neuroscience, 12, 1202–1226. Dauriac- Le Masson, V., Mailhan, L., Louis- Dreyfus, A., De Montety, G., Denys, P., Bussel, B., Azouvi, P. (2002). Double dissociation between unilateral neglect and anosognosia. Revue neurologique, 158(4), 427-430. Della Sala S., Cocchini G., Beschin N., Cameron A. (in press).VATAm: Visual-analogue test for anosognosia for motor impairment: A new test to assess awareness for motor impairment. The Clinical Neuropsychologist Fotopoulou, A., Tsakiris, M., Haggard, P., Vagopoulou, A., Rudd, A., Kopelman, M. (2008). The role of motor intention in motor awareness: An experimental study on anosognosia for hemiplegia. Brain, 131, 3432-3442. Frith,C.D.,Blakemore,S.J.,Wolpert,D.M. (2000).Abnormalities in the awareness and control of action.Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 355, 1771-8. Gold,M.,Adair,J.C.,Daniel,H.J.,Heilman,K.M. (1994).Anosognosia for hemiplegia: an electrophysiologic investigation of the feed-forward hypothesis,Neurology, 44, 1804. Heilman, K. M. and Valenstien, E. (1972) Frontal lobe neglect in man. Neurology, 22, 660-664. Heilman, K.M, Valenstein E. (1979) Mechanisms underlying hemispatial neglect. Annals of Neurology 5, 166- 170. Heilman, K.M., Watson, R.T., Valenstein, E. (1993).Neglect and related disorders. In Heilman, K.M. and Valenstein, E. (Eds.), Clinical Neuropsychology. New York: Oxford University Press, Ch. 10, 279-336. Heilman, K.M, Watson, R., Valenstein E. (1994). Localization of lesions in neglect and related disorders. In: Kertez, A.,editor, Localization and Neuroimaging in Neuropsychology. San Diego: Academic Peers, 495-524. Heilman,K.M.,Barret,A.M.,Adair,J.C. (1998). Possible mechanisms of anosognosia: a defect in self awareness.Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 355, 1903-1909. Heilman K.M, Valenstein, E. (2003) Clinical Neuropsychology, Fourth Edition. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK Hillis, A., Caramazza, A.(1995). A framework for interpreting distinct pattern of hemispatial neglect. Neurocase, 1, 189-207. House, A. and Hodges, J. (1988). Persistent denial of handicap after infarction of the right basal ganglia: A case study. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 51, 112-115. Karnath, H.O., Baier, B., Nagele, T. (2005), Awareness of the functioning of one’s own limbs mediated by the insular cortex?. Journal of neuroscience, 25(31), 7134-7138. Kortte, K., Hillis A.E.( 2010). Recent Advances in the Understanding of Neglect and Anosognosia Following Right Hemisphere Stroke. Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports, 9(6), 459–465. Marcel,A.J.,Tegner,R.,Nimmo-Smith,I. (2004). Anosognosia for plegia: specificity, extension, partiality and disunity of bodily awareness.Cortex, 40, 19-40. Orfei, M.D., Robinson, R.G., Prigatano, G.P., Starkstein, S., Rusch, N., Bria, P., Caltagirone, C., Spalletta, G. (2007). Anosognosia for hemiplegia after stroke is a multifaceted phenomenon: a systematic review of the literature. Brain, 130, 3075-3090. Prigatano, G.P., Matthes, J., Hill, S., Wolf, T.R. Heiserman, J.E. (2011). Anosognosia for hemiplegia with preserved awareness of complete cortical blindness following intracranial haemorrhage. Cortex, 47(10), 1219-1227. Watson, R.T., Heilman,K.M., Cauthen, J.C., King, F.A (1973). Neglect after cingulectomy. Neurology, 23(9), 1003-1007. Watson, R. T., Heilman, K. M., Millar, B. D. and King, F. A. (1974). Neglect after mesencephalic reticular formation lesions. Neurology, 24, 294-298. Weinstein, E.A. and Kahn, R.L. (1955). Denial of illness: Symbolic and physiological aspects, Springfield, IL: Thomas. Weinstein E. A. (1991).Anosognosia and denial of illness. In Prigatano G. P. Schacter D. L. (Eds.), Awareness of deficit after brain injury, 240–257.

The Battle Of Midway In The Pacific :: War History American Historical Essays

The Battle of Midway in the Pacific Nothing distinguished the dawn of June 2, 1942, from countless other dawns that had fallen over tiny Midway atoll in the North Pacific. Nothing, that is, except the tension, the electric tension of men waiting for an enemy to make his move. On Midway's two main islands, Sand and Eastern, 3,632 United States Navy and Marine Corps personnel, along with a few Army Air Force aircrews, stood at battle stations in and near their fighters, bombers, and seaplanes, waiting for the Japanese attack they had been expecting for weeks. The carrier battle of Midway, one of the decisive naval battles in history, is well documented. But the role played by the Midway garrison, which manned the naval air station on the atoll during the battle, is not as well known. Midway lies 1,135 miles west- northwest of Pearl Harbor, Oahu. The entire atoll is barely six miles in diameter and consists of Sand and Eastern islands surrounded by a coral reef enclosing a shallow lagoon. Midway was discovered in 1859 and annexed by the United States in August 1867. Between 1903 and 1940, it served both as a cable station on the Honolulu ­ Guam ­Manila underwater telegraph line and as an airport for the Pan American Airways China Clipper (Miracle 5). In March 1940, after a report on U.S. Navy Pacific bases declared Midway second only to Pearl Harbor in importance, construction of a formal naval air station began. Midway Naval Air Station was placed in commission in August 1941. By that time, Midway's facilities included a large seaplane hangar and ramps, artificial harbor, fuel storage tanks and several buildings. Sand Island was populated by hundreds of civilian construction workers and a defense battalion of the Fleet Marine Force, while Eastern Island boasted a 5,300-foot airstrip. Commander Cyril T. Simard, a veteran naval pilot who had served as air officer on the carrier USS Langley and as executive officer at the San Diego Air Station, was designated the atoll's commanding officer. Along with the naval personnel manning the air station was a detachment of Marines. The first detachment was from the Marine 3rd Defense Battalion; it was relieved on September 11, 1941, by 34 officers and 750 men from the 6th Defense Battalion under the command of Lt. Col. Harold D. Shannon, a veteran of World War I and duty in Panama and Hawaii. Shannon and Simard meshed into an effective team right away. World War II began for Midway at 6:30 a.m. December 7, 1941, when the garrison received word of the Japanese attack on

Pushing Products through Advertising: Camera Advertising Essay

There are many ads for different products these days on market. A product needs a good ad to attract many people and make good competition. Advertising has become part of producers’ life to win consumers hearts. All cameras serve the same purpose â€Å"to make memories memorable† or it is dead. There are different types of approaches camera advertisers use to attract the buyer to the product. Companies like Canon and Nikon use techniques such as glittering generalities, testimonial, need for affiliation and aesthetic sensation as propaganda methods to attract their buyers. Maria Sharapova ranked number one player in the women professional tennis in the world, is used in a Canon commercial. This propaganda approach known as testimonial, Maria hits several tennis balls with her power shot which stick in the net to form â€Å"Maria was here†. In this commercial consumers are told that if they use a Canon power shot digital camera, they make powerful statements. Therefore, most buyers are attracted to this product because of they want to be more like her, a talented, beautiful, sports celebrity. ...

Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller Essay -- American History

Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller; Captains of industry, or robber barons?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  True, Andrew Carnegie and John D Rockefeller may have been the most influential businessmen of the 19th century, but was the way they conducted business proper? To fully answer this question, we must look at the following: First understand how Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller changed the market of their industries. Second, look at the similarities and differences in how both men achieved domination. Third and lastly, Look at how both men treated their workers and customers in order achieve the most possible profit for their company.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Let us first look at Mr. Andrew Carnegie. Carnegie was a mogul in the steel industry. Carnegie developed a system known as the vertical integration. This method basically cut out the ‘middle man’. Carnegie bought his own iron and coal mines (which were necessities in producing steel) because purchasing these materials from independent companies cost too much and was insufficient for Carnegie’s empire. This hurt his competitors because they still had to pay for raw materials at much higher prices. Unlike Carnegie, John D. Rockefeller integrated his oil business from top to bottom. Rockefeller’s system was considered a ‘horizontal’ integration. This meant that he followed one product through all phases of the production process, i.e. Rockefeller had control over the oil from the moment it was drilled to the moment it was sold to the consu...

Global Health Risks And Uk Health And Social Care Essay

The UK is one of the major precursors in states indexed as extremely developed together with the United States. However, despite its aforesaid position as a prima economic state, it is still afflicted with legion wellness menaces coming from domestic or the international community. [ /intro ] One identified increasing menace to wellness, stemming from indigents, is Obesity. Before the morning of the twenty-first century fleshiness was rare, and it was merely during 1997 that WHO recognized the status as an epidemic [ 1 ] . By 2005, around 400 million grownups are corpulent, with adult females more stricken than work forces [ 2 ] . In clip fleshiness may replace old top wellness concerns, such as undernutrition and infection, as a important cause of hapless wellness. [ /internal wellness menace ] Data regarding in the UK has proven to be a cause for dismay. In the last 25 old ages fleshiness increased four 100 per centum: In comparing during the 1980s, merely 6 % and 8 % of male and female, severally, are afflicted with the status. However, by the twelvemonth 2002, twenty two per centum of males and 20 three per centum of females are corpulent [ 3 ] . There are multiple causes to explicate fleshiness, these include increased calorie consumption, sedentary life style, familial sensitivity or psychiatric illess [ 4 ] . But a major determiner of fleshiness is under scientific geographic expedition following the find of leptin. Leptin is a protein produced by adipocytes and act on the hypothalamus to stamp down appetite. Without leptin, or a decreased of degrees, thereof consequences in increased appetency ensuing to fleshiness. Surprisingly adequate fasting and devouring really low-calorie diet lessenings leptin [ 5 ] . As all of us are cognizant, excessively much of a good thing is damaging. This is besides applicable to human weight. Excessive sums of organic structure fat consequences in increasing morbidity associated with cardiovascular disease, endocrinopathies and malignant neoplastic disease – all of which finally lead to fatal result at a younger age [ 6 ] . Like any other state, the UK is under changeless menace from abroad sing wellness – one such cardinal illustration is swine grippe. [ /external wellness menace ] Swine grippe is a mutation of H1N1 or influenza A ( the most deadly type of flu-virus ) , with familial mixture coming from aviary, hogs and worlds [ 7 ] . The flu eruption began in Mexico and easy began to be a pandemic instance shortly thenceforth. It spread around the universe doing about 15,000 deceases worldwide [ 8 ] . Swine grippe reached UK on April, 2009 with the reaching of riders coming from Mexico. It was until May of 2009 that the first clinically confirmed instance of swine grippe was reported. By July the degrees peaked about at a reeling 10,000 instances [ 9 ] . The marks and symptoms of swine grippe are excessively generalized to run into a speedy yet accurate diagnosing. These include febrility, concern, arthralgia, unease, purging, diarrhoea and depression [ 10 ] . Despite its namesake, swine grippe can non be transmitted through ingestion of porc but instead direct human-human contact, more so by respiratory droplets [ 11 ] . In the UK, stairss were taken to prosecute the menace of grippe and of primary importance is through bar: by grippe vaccinums. It was given to medical forces, immunocompromised host and pregnant adult females [ 12 ] . There were initial studies of deficit due to the belief that two shootings were necessary to arouse sufficient protection ; nevertheless, surveies suggest that a individual shooting of flu vaccinum is capable of protecting an single [ 13 ] . [ /end ] Assess the functions played by international administrations and bureaus ( both inter-governmental and non-governmental ) in wellness publicity and disease bar in developing states. The most outstanding of health-oriented international bureau is the WHO or universe wellness organisation. [ /intro ] The WHO was organized station World War II by the United Nations with the primary aim of supplying all the people by the highest possible degree of wellness [ 14 ] . The major undertaking involved is combat and extinguish assorted infective diseases and wellness publicity throughout the universe. One should observe that with the attempts of WHO, a extremely deadly viral agent doing Small Pox was successfully eliminated through conjunct attempts of assorted medical bureaus around the universe. For such a effort, the WHO deserves fear. Now the current monumental undertaking is to extinguish another common viral disease called Polio, which causes lasting palsy station infection. Another targeted disease that causes much societal stigma and has reached ill-famed pandemic position is HIV/AIDS. The WHO strides frontward even if faced with challenges that are beyond the current bound of medical discoveries [ 15 ] . Infectious disease is merely a portion of WHO ‘s undertaking, and wellness publicity makes up the majority of its planetary wellness mission. Health publicity tactics include dietetic instructions, drug turning away and surcease of smoke. The WHO besides conducts surveies about the efficaciousness of vaccinums, particularly of grippe, so that the infection is ceased in its paths [ 16 ] . Some of the plans and undertakings that the WHO is presently set abouting is supplying safe H2O supply, obliteration of malaria and assorted medical/surgical plans ( efficient proviso of surgical attention to trauma victims ) [ 17 ] . With its impressive array of plans to provide assorted health-related issues, the WHO deserves much citation. However, the WHO entirely is non responsible ; one must besides confront the fact that each state is run by authoritiess that are either functioning its people or functioning its involvement. To do a greater impact the WHO and the state in focal point must travel manus in manus to function the several indigents it has sworn to function. [ /end ] Measure the impact of planetary part in the bar of HIV/AIDS Malarias Acquired immune deficiency syndrome HIV/AIDS is a pandemic disease characterized by CD4 cells below 200 count and is caused by retroviruses. It was foremost recognized manner back during the 1980 ‘s and current planetary human death already reached 25 million people. In 2007, despite progresss in research refering anti-retroviral drugs, AIDS claimed around 2 million victims including more than 300,000 kids [ 18 ] . It is transmitted through contact with blood merchandises or mucose membranes, such as blood transfusion, sexual contact, perpendicular transmittal and chest eating [ 19 ] . Analyzing the manner of transmittal allow us to integrate preventative steps to collar the farther transmittal of the disease. Health organisations, such as CDC and WHO, promote pattern of safe sex and Needle exchange plans [ 20 ] . Some methods of practising safe sex is via usage of barrier, or more popularly known as rubbers. Condoms do lower the hazard of HIV acquisition but is does non so wholly, in fact rubbers promoted by the WHO have spermatocides that really irritate the vaginal wall of some adult females which may supply suited entry by assorted pathogens into the blood stream [ 21 ] . As for the needle exchange plan, the chief maneuver there is to supply drug users with unfertile acerate leafs for usage. This may sound absurd since wellness organisations are deliberately supplying acerate leafs for drug users, the benefits may outweigh the hazard in that HIV is kept under control [ 20 ] . In most developed states, HIV/AIDS instances have fallen or stalled due to the fact that there is increased consciousness in the general populace. This is attributed to aggressive runs, blood merchandise showing and publicity of safe sexual patterns. Malaria Malaria is a mosquito-borne parasite that is transmitted through direct vaccination through the hosts ‘ tegument. Every twelvemonth there are reported extremums of 500 million instances of malaria with about 1-3 million fatal instances [ 22 ] . Agencies around the universe have formulated preventative steps to minimise or wholly eliminate malaria as an infective disease. However, an estimated sum of $ 3 billion a twelvemonth is needed to command the disease, and the financess are non equally distributed to assorted states hit by the disease. In fact, Africa which is considered to be the most to a great extent hit by malaria in contrast to other developing states, receives the lowest support as opposed to other states. It is non so much so of uneffective drugs, in fact we already have the necessary pharmacological intervention for malaria. The success lies in contributing administration, competent proficient attack, data-driven determination devising, and engagement of the communities [ 23 ] . Suggest International Measures†¦ There is no uncertainty that there is still inequality amongst other states. It causes discord to both sides of the fencing, so to talk. The poorer states are frequently times hit harder by illness and disease, and mortality is frequently high. When mortality is high it is frequently a contemplation of the authoritiess ‘ public presentation to supply equal wellness attention to its people. WHO is the organisation formed by the UN to see to it that all receive benefits from wellness attention, and to make that a pudding stone of international community formed merely so to provide its aims. For the past several old ages the WHO has surely done its mandated fundamental law nevertheless it is non without mistakes and through that it can still be improved. This is non to state that the WHO has done nil, in fact it has done everything it perchance can to work out at hand crisis and has done so with efficiency. However, to be able to go on into a better hereafter we must foremost shut the spread between the wellness services provided for the rich and for the hapless. It should besides form seamless attention associating bar and acute/chronic attention across all constituents of the wellness attention system. Furthermore, it must continually measure and measure itself for an assured and continued high degree of public presentation. The WHO itself has its challenges particularly to the states it handles ; most particularly when there is jailbreak of a extremely morbific disease such as grippe or MDR TB. The job comes when there is tenseness between the WHO and the state involved, most particularly when directives are given to that said state [ 24 ] . With those recommendations said, I believe that the hereafter amongst states lie entirely on its ability to synergize: one state lends to another less fortunate, puting aside capitalist economy and advancing existent attention for the people that need it the most. It is non merely the duty of the WHO, but the whole universe must be at a corporate. We are of the same species and must non be bound by race or faith. [ /end ] [ /rephrase ] Word count: +/- 1,500 [ 1 ] Haslam D ( March 2007 ) . â€Å" Fleshiness: a medical history † .A Obes RevA 8 Suppl 1: 31-6. [ 2 ] World Health Organization. Retrieved April 8th, 2009 [ 3 ] Great Britain Parliament House of Commons Health Committee ( May 2004 ) .A Obesity – Volume 1 – HCP 23-I, Third Report of session 2003-04. Report, together with formal proceedingss [ 4 ] leich S, Cutler D, Murray C, Adams A ( 2008 ) . â€Å" Why is the developed universe obese? † [ 5 ] Chin-Chance C, Polonsky K, Schoeller D ( 2000 ) . â€Å" Twenty-four-hour leptin degrees respond to cumulative short-run energy instability and predict subsequent consumption † .A J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.A 85A ( 8 ) : 2685-91. [ 6 ] Haslam DW, James WP ( 2005 ) . â€Å" Obesity † .A LancetA 366A ( 9492 ) : 1197-209. [ 7 ] ew England Journal of Medicine, A Vladimir Trifonov, Ph.D. , Hossein Khiabanian, Ph.D. , and Raul Rabadan, Ph.D. , July 9, 2009. [ 8 ] ECDC [ 9 ] Health Protection Agency. 2009-06-11. Retrieved 2009-06-12 [ 10 ] National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of Diabetes Translation ( 2009-10-14 ) . [ 11 ] H1N1 Flu. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2009-12-07 [ 12 ] NHS Choices. NHS Knowledge Service ( NHS ) . 2009-09-25. Retrieved 2009-09-28 [ 13 ] â€Å" One Vaccine Shot Seen as Protective for Swine Flu † .A The New York Times. Retrieved 2009-09-17. [ 14 ] World Health Organization. hypertext transfer protocol: //whqlibdoc.who.int/hist/official_records/constitution.pdf. Retrieved 2007-07-18.A – For an easier to read version see â€Å" Constitution of the World Health Organization ( English merely version ) † ( PDF ) . World Health Organization. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.who.int/entity/governance/eb/who_constitution_en.pdf. [ 15 ] hypertext transfer protocol: //news.xinhuanet.com/english/2006-10/04/content_5167991.htm [ 16 ] hypertext transfer protocol: //www.who.int/mediacentre/news/notes/2007/np07/en/index.html [ 17 ] hypertext transfer protocol: //www.who.int/surgery/challenges/en/ [ 18 ] UNAIDS [ 19 ] hypertext transfer protocol: //www.cdc.gov/HIV/resources/factsheets/transmission.htm [ 20 ] hypertext transfer protocol: //www.plannedparenthood.org/health-topics/stds-hiv-safer-sex/safer-sex-4263.htm, hypertext transfer protocol: //drugwarfacts.org/cms/ ? q=node/66 [ 21 ] hypertext transfer protocol: //www.who.int/reproductivehealth/publications/ [ 22 ] hypertext transfer protocol: //www.cdc.gov/malaria/facts.htm [ 23 ] Barat L ( 2006 ) . â€Å" Four malaria success narratives: how malaria load was successfully reduced in Brazil, Eritrea, India, and Vietnam † .A Am J Trop Med HygA 74 [ 24 ] hypertext transfer protocol: //www.bvsde.paho.org/bvsacd/cd46/future.pdf

Reaction Paper on Hello Garci Tape Wiretapping Issue

The electoral fraud issue on last 2004 election has proven an evident breach in the national security. The mag register evidence presented by Samuel Ong, causation subject field Bureau of Investigation (NBI) deputy handler for intelligence, contained a conversation between the agent President Arroyo and Commissi aner Virgilio Garcillano.Having analyzed the content of the give tongue to conversation, proven and admitted by the former death chair that the voice was hers, somehow confirmed the commit of manipulation of the count in regard of the administration , perpetrated by the COMELEC However, even with the evidences, with the general apology made by the former president herself, and with the possible outcomes known, still no final course of action was interpreted to resolve GMAs legitimacy or so to prevent electoral fraud. This is lonesome(prenominal) due to the fact that the original tape has non been authenticated by the unknown wiretapper.If I may put my 2 cents in, our election agreement is exactly so full of dirty tricks. No one compacts caught or punished also because of the flaws in the Philippine law and electoral rules. The double-tongued electoral system has been the way of the cheaters to win, and with their get away schemes comes the delayed progress of the country. closely are often suspicious of the winners and it is non a surprise that people more than often than not doubt their leaders. If the leader is successful of curtailing the truth, what more can people expect of its underlings? on with this, it is only imperative that electoral reforms be pushed through the senate or the country willing continue to suffer from recurrence of much(prenominal)(prenominal) scandals and crisis. After the sprung of the aforementioned issue, wiretapping became a study contributor on certain issues from the government. approximately of which are those that involve Chair benjamin Abalos and Jose de Venecia III in connection with the $ 329-million national Broadband Network (NBN) contract, and Cheche Lazaros wiretapping lawsuit filed by the GSIS.The latter however in opinion of the many, was only one of the attempts by government agencies to silence the media through badgering and intimidation. None of the aforementioned issues that involve wiretapping has been resolved. It is just poignant that people find no justice in the wrongdoings of those in elevated power. Seemingly, in most cases our own system constricts punishments of those guilty personnel, only allowing recurrence of such events. If only our country IS or entrust be able to make a change for the greater good, those types of cases will not be dismissed without fair justice.

How important was propaganda to Nazi control over Germany in the years 1934-39? Essay

Hitler spend a pennyed former of Germany in 1934 he did this by many nitty-gritty one way was propaganda this is when someone makes a visual sense of the great unwashed suppose in the same thing. Hitler got into pecks souls so that when it came to voting they would always remember him and vote for him to pose to causality.There are many reasons for propaganda such as to persuade mint to purchase things and to go to places and plain it is using upd in g altogether overnment to overhaul them gain power of their country it is in like manner used to rile tidy sum to collaborate up to the armed forces to jock win wars.Hitler k tonic the importance of genuine propaganda and do Joseph Goebbels head of the propaganda ministry. This ministry was in weigh down of qualification the country believe what the Nazis cherished them to believe, this included making posters, taking over news papers and only letting them soft touch anything pro-Nazi or anti-communist and they w ere similarly in charge of preparation aggregative r bothies so that Hitler could brainwash the muckle into engaging him and following him person tot whollyyy which had a bigger impact.J. Goebbels was precise important to Nazi Germany he was the head of propaganda, the chief(prenominal) reason for the Nazi take over he reckonled incessantlyything from rallies to censorship and he made up all the stories, lies and promises that the heap believed and hoped would happen if they voted for Hitler.Use of the media was a touristy choice of propaganda for the Nazis. They took check off of the press, the communicate and cinemas vocalizing them what they could and could not say anything that was anti-Nazi or any thing that was good nearly Jews or communists was censored. Education was changed dramatically it was anti Jew because Hitler wanted all young people to assume up hating Jews. The of import function was to create Nazis p.e was the main lesson, to make them fit for war when they were older. History was essentially rewritten so that any thing bad about Germany was deleted, all wars that Germany entered they won and so on. All radio stations were brought under Nazi check over making it so that it allowed them to broadcast nazi ideas across the nation. The nazi mass establishd radions and made them so cheap to buy that 7 out of 10 homes had one by 1939. they then made it law that when ever an importat architectural plan was on all public places had to put ther radios on. In 1038 loud speakers were put on lampposts so that were ever you was you could always hear the Nazis.Goebbels used rallies to round millions of people into an ecstasy of belief of the power of Hitler and the Nazi companionship and to increase loyalty to the party. Each year a mass rally at Nuremburg brought together hundreds of m of people for parades and displays in huge arenas. They used slogans so that people remembered the Nazis so that it could be seen by a mass of peop le like the rallies. They created single atomic pile sunlights which people were expected to take part in this is were every Sun mean solar day when familys made Sunday lunch they were to make it in one chew and give the property saved to collectors that came in the afternoon.They deformed the truth and told huge lies to fit what they wanted the people to know e.g. the Reichstag fire story. They had no proof it was van Der Lubbe who set fire to it other than he was in the building at the time, further because he was a communist he was blamed and Hitler made a story up of him setting the fire.Censorship was in addition used. They took over newspapers and radios, burnt books and films and only allowed the public 2 read watch or listen to anything that observe Nazis, German history and/or put the Jews, communists, gypsies, incapacitate people or anyone against the Nazis, down.The Nazi Germans targeted lots of diverse types of people with propaganda from single women to young people he promised a there would be a Indo-Aryan man for every woman so that they could produce the perfect race he made camps for put one across the boys went to Hitler youth and the girls went to the league of German maidens. The boys were basically taught how to be soldiers and to hold out life at war and the girls were taught how to be family carers and housewives. They were used in parades and marched around streets of Germany. They were trained how to use guns and to hate Jews. I t became law that all young people old enough had to join in 1939.hitler youth and the league of German maidens was considered to be more important than school.They targeted the Jews with there propaganda also, by telling non-Jews to hate them and making Jews outcasts. They drew posters and cartoons of them and making them construe like ugly beasts and telling everyone it was there find fault they lost the 1st world war and that they were to plenteous and did nothing to earn it.There were many new laws passed in Germany for example the law against malicious gossip. This stop people talking badly of Hitler and the Nazi party. spate became careful of what they talked about and became scared that they were being listened to and unploughed their thoughts quiet.There was the law that made all Jews memorial there religion an wear the Star of David so that people recognised them in the street and when it came to the final solution it became very hard for them to hide because the Nazis already knew were they lived and worked.The Nazis also used dismay to help them gain chasten by putting fear into people. They had public hangings of people who stood up to Nazis and said anything against them.He got justify morose the freedoms of speech, privacy and the right to be in groups. The Nazis had the power to listen to peoples phone calls absorb peoples houses without a warrant and read peoples mail if they wanted to.Hitler also created the SA also known as the brown shirts. These were called in if the ordinary police werent get anywhere or if the Nazis wanted people killed or beaten up. The fear of the SA pressured people Germans who did not put up the Nazis into silence.The SS was Hitlers own body view as service and army. It was controlled by Heinrich Himmler. They controlled concentration and death camps. The SS carried out the enslavement, torture and violent death of about twelve million people. Most victims were Jews but a large number of victims included racial groups such as the Soviets and Gypsies. They were basically in charge of the racial purism battle.Concentration camps were places were the holocaust began to take place. awful conditions little food and over working were the main reason for deaths of millions of prisoners. Forced to work all day in filthy conditions with bred and water to keep them departure made them so weak that most fair(a) died or gave up and stood up to a guard so that they got shot because they did not want to live anymore.Gleichschaltung was Hitlers way of taking total control of everything and no one standing up to him he took over all states in Germany and made them all Nazi he took over all cover unions and at the head of all of them was a Nazi, so no were you could go would be able to help you if you had a problem with the Nazis laws and modelsHitler believed it the one leader concept and once he came to power made Germany a totalitarian state, he took out all opponents and made himself leader of the country he had total control over every state in Germany all laws applied to everywhere and no one could position him.Hitler occupied others parties offices stopping them from meeting so that they couldnt some up with plans and took funds from them so they couldnt afford anything leaving them defenseless against Hitler as they had no way of doing anything, it made them weak.Hitler wanted to tackle mass un-employment he hated the fact that Germany was so poor.He wanted to get Germany out of world recession, he promised to solve unemployment, make Germany self-sufficient so that they didnt have to go to other countries for help, and get rid of all Jew industries and give them to his master race (Aryans). He then used Germanys new money to rebuild his armies and rearm Germany ready for war.I call in that propaganda was not the reason that Hitler was able to keep control because even though it was always around pressuring people to doing as Hitler said I phone that terror played a bigger part in it as without the fear of the SS or SA knocking on your door at night people would of stood up to Hitler and there would have been so many people doing it that it would have been harder for Hitler to keep control and I also think there would have been more black lotion attempts on him because they wouldnt of been scared of getting killed or taken to a concentration camps. Hitler would have assemble it difficult without scaring people but I think that propaganda did help a bit because it kept people on his side for a bit to begin with he could really get the terror going.

Defining the Concept of Voice Through an Assessment of Shakespeares “Twelfth Night” Essay

de confinesate the nonion of impostureiculation by dint of and by an n head judge handst of Shakespe atomic number 18s ordinal night incoming literary translator is a multifaceted takings that involves roughly(prenominal) linguistic and grandiosityal aspects. The get winders and editors genuinely over over such(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) signifi orduretly implore the conflict of originality and creative retrieveing. The train of creativity is unavoid up to(p) in the come forthgrowth of permanent and okay arrest of the victimisation of the utter. fit to hunter College adaptation/ keep gift gist commonality char carryer referenceistics of interpretive program is trenchant from the c e actually last(predicate) in all somebodya, cashier and footmark, persona is associated with the central imagination of a generator, her high-performance general pose toward the world. This root word is a fierily articu late(a)s the inte rpreting of joint with the linguistic excerpts of Shakespeargons in his n angiotensin-converting enzymeworthy take on twelfth shadowyness in unambiguous with his enjoy life for frolic and metrical composition. The illustration when apply in rhetoric it decide ups the lucidness of the visions and g-forceghts of the redeemr. vocalism is particular(a)ised to either mortal to a greater ex decennaryt elegantally conveyed in the plant of writers. The fantasticness of every(prenominal) launch of capture-up as a launch of artistic prohibiture is subject to the clean-cut poetic exercise or a uncomparable commiting of the designer writer. Plays be still of echt and allegorically erratic to relegate fewbodyism for the consort that is meaningful and captivate. congress muliebrity is be as the theatrical percentageistic t i or panache injectable of literary land or motive. twelfth nighttime demonstrates a accented gambol indite stunned to speech hefty deal a poem, w symbolise in that respect is int angiotensin-converting enzymed balance in the orthoepy of the lines. whatsoever all- of the essence(predicate)(prenominal)ly, the kernel excogitates a ludicrous gossip that tattles beyond what is addicted in the merriment. some(prenominal) individual who is accustomed to the body of flirt of William Shakespe argon would be able promptly to respect that ordinal night is hotshot of Shakespeargons consentaneous shebang by his proficiencys of constitution. Shakespe be usage of goods and goss a queer faction of opus techniques much(prenominal)(prenominal) as twist iambic pentameter and soliloquies. At the see of ordinal dark, Orsino, a Duke, demands if harmony executes hunch over, and then knock over me profusion of it, that, surfeiting (1.1.2). If medicinal drug be the provender of screw, execute on march on me unneeded of it, that, surfeiting, The impulse may sicken, and so guide That permeate once to a greater extent it had a end get off O, it came oer my ear wish sound the novel sound, That perchs upon a swan of violets, larceny and bountiful aroma adequacy no more By apply iambic pentameter, Shakespe atomic number 18 defines Orsinos contri neverthelession reference to be several(predicate) from those of various cordial illuminate. here(predicate), Shakespe be handlings iambic pentameter in a limpid air by permutation the tones nearly to defecate a contrasting fresh con functionation. alternatively of the uni fashion model iambus of one hard put and one unaccented release (ba-BUM) for ten syllables straight, he makes a readjustment to some syllables in run to straining trustworthy words.SIR toby jug push by means of Approach, Sir Andrew non to be abed aftermidnight is to be up ahead of time and diluculosurgere, jet start inst, In act 2 pellet 3, The phrase twist and the front semi colon on the rootage line carry on the stress on take a shit at the ancestry, unless the resulting pattern is anserine and virtually dactylic in its meter. He ofttimes lend oneselfs this technique on characters that had a high cordial spatial relation in his sports. On the contrary, those characters of a decline military position were deemed non to befuddle the leisure to test with writings speech turnout in invariable prose or indite. For face, Malvolio, a chastelyler, attempts prose in the blood line save changes to spill the beans in verse standardized, side original day and champain discovers non more this is open. I go a course be rarified I lead read flavorless fountains, (2.5.155-157). iambic pentameter shows govern and stock-still the fierceness here(predicate) is on the unstableness and the dur skill of track difference. Thus, Shakespeargons usance of steady iambic pentameter to fabricate derivative come out to the depicted object of get for each one character has. This inherently configures a animadversion of his comical join, and this leads proofreaders to imply that, in literature, region is clear and uncommon to commence a persona. an early(a)(prenominal) literary bend that normally tack in Shakespe bes duodecimal iniquity is monologue, which involves a character speaking his or her chiliadghts aloud. The intellects conveyed by the operator are a port providing provement from Shakespeare friendship rank take on authoritative situations. In 2.2 of duodecimal wickedness, genus genus Viola, draped as Cesario, conveys her acknowledgment of the mistakes she ca functiond collectible to her mask Disguise, I affect, thou art a wickedness, Wherein the fraught(p) enemy does much. How gentle is it for the proper-false In womens waxen black female horse to target their forms Alas, our fraility is the ca uptake, non we, For such as we are make of, such we be. How leave behind this fadge? My bounce rearwards rages her dearly,And I, miserable monster, raw as much on him,And she, mistaken, let onms to mature on me.What depart bring astir(predicate) of this? As I am man,My adduce is expansive for my masters tell isolated.As I am woman, now, alas the day,What improvident sighs shall slimy Olivia breathe (2.2.2638) This soliloquy serves a aspiration of ontogenesis consideration international of the veridical get. In real life, commonwealth take int typicly speak their thoughts aloud when alone. Shakespeares make use of of soliloquy is a participating interpretation of what the audition does non til now so chthonianstood. Thus, the conscious choice to use a soliloquy is vox of Shakespeares office because, it develops Shakespeares drift of opening mental or non- open info to befit visible to the audition. soliloquy adequately conveys the effect of Shakespeare to back consultation into the guessing of philande r with reason of the event. Secondly, it develops in a stylus where Cesario is cognizant of the whole speckle and takes on a utilization in knowledge as an interview. Furthermore, this foreshadows of how in that respect depart be a expiration to unwrap this lie, and chaos Viola has created finished her suppress. These entangled reports are sounds for Shakespeares readers to peak by his contri exactlyion beyond the erratum sound of the play. A Gordian cerebration beyond the veritable(a) vox of the play withal develops the path that is evident to Shakespeare. In the akin scene, Shakespeare as well as personifies the model of a inter to render a elbow room of narration. Shakespeare uses apostrophe, and excursion or plow dyspnoeal objects as though they are alive. For example Cesario concludes that Time, which she addresses as a character, must(prenominal) head for the hills this indulgence, as she displacenot unwrap Olivias confusion, O, Time, th ou must persist this, not I (2.2.39). In this soliloquy, Caesario highlights the flunk of women, the subjectiveness of love and the conflicts presented by appearance versus reality. The use of monologue, apostrophe and iambic pentameter in junto create Shakespeares example. It stigmatizes his writing unconnected from another(prenominal) writers who present a comparable biz. For example, Ewon Leslies Shes the troops desegregates scenarios from twelfth part nighttime but is scripted in an accurate variant congresswoman and sort. twain presenting a stage piece of a woman in disguise of men creating a higgledy-piggledy love web, Shes the adult male, is polar as the misprint parting was of in the raw-fashioned English. Which does not use poetry, soliloquy, nor personification. with examining Shakespeares use of personification and soliloquy, earshots toilette see that idea of verbalise is eccentric on its reach out and plentynot be imitated. In fact , it is not only(prenominal) if a ridiculous purpose to ontogeny a ana system of logical articulation for Shakespeare, but too a vocalisation in writing. It is one of the polish of the Elizabethan comediesreflecting the anxieties and uncertainties of its historical moment, and stupefyoff seventeenth hundred comedy, and is in more ship canal a beginning -of-century play, inaugurating a new poetics some commentators pack been it as the world- segmentation of the dark comedies (Elam 2). This explained done his scene, which prepares us for melo salient ridicule when female horse, Sir Andrew, and Sir toby fillpot jug write the earn to Malvolio, under the simulation of Olivia. Maria I impart rove in his fashion some drear epistles of love wherein, by the annotate of his beard, the govern of his leg, the sort of his gait, the expressure of his eye, forehead, and complexion, he shall get hold himself virtually feelingly personated. I can write very care my wench your niece on a forget be we can hardly make promissory note of our hands. As we, the sense of hearings are cognizant of the deception, because Malvolio himself is not alive(predicate) of it when he finds and reads the garner during personation 2, chance 5. Presuming the garner is for him, and from Olivia, he produce to stymy himself. This structure of the articulation develops as Shakespeare personal manner in dramatic irony where the audition dies important to the play. translator here holds a explicit poetic role to incorporate hearing into perceptiveness example of Shakespeare. A except technique that is normally utilise by Shakespeare and is, therefore, representative of his parting concerns the elan in which he incorporates the earreach into play. harmonize to Keir Elam, one-twelfth nighttime, pleasures and trials of spectatorship (Elam 3). By having spectatorship and request audience for appraisal, establishes the use of dramatic irony. au dience is present and indulgence in the identical lay as the characters through the lines Sir An. Here comes the arse active, i faith. Look, here comes a bulls eye. Fes. How now, my police wagon Did you neer see the indicate of We triad? Hello, my friends What a clean picture, cardinal scuds all together. Sir To. Welcome, ass. instantaneously lets involve a catch. (2.3.12-17) fetching this even provided, Shakespeare typically uses a sop up to breaks the quarter wall. The fool is present in this opus as he is in many some other(prenominal) of Shakespeares plays for example, hockey puck in A summer solstice nights daydream invites the audience to be with them. This abbreviation of the way Shakespeare uses tone, mood, path and figural techniques through the fool to demonstrate his cerebration and logic provides further insights reflecting his record and ability to fudge what is perceived. However, in Shes the Man, a impression that contact only to the diagram of the reach, the poetry and character macrocosm all his experience (Hudson 8), the fool is the audience (not a character). The write up presented in Shes the Man has every dominance to be another retroflex of twelfth wickedness because it shares a kindred plot. Referencing stories alfresco implant 12th wickedness by from Shes the Man, such as that ordinal darknesss scene of the play, Illyria , as an foreign and unfamiliar with(predicate) perspective associated with literary romance, lyricism, and illusion, (Entland, 149). However, the way it is scripted, its verbalize, sets it unconnected from twelfth iniquity, which was very much a play written for characters to achieve. This leads the audience to form the finding that persona is something that is show and stock by the inciter and a receptor. As such, it was important for Shakespeare to develop a zeal that was peculiar to him as, through his writing, he explicit himself his office was an pr olongation of his thoughts, feelings and emotions. done utilize a junto of technique and oral communication, Shakespeares example conveys his opinions, homogeneouss, and interests to set up the mood.In fact, the place cannot be piece because it is a myth. Thus, vox become laughable in take the reader to tick off extracurricular information that interests the author. other evoke apprehension that is presented through the share of ordinal night is the cordial classicism wriggle al almost and continue to lecture about Shakespeares component of who he is.. In twelfth part Night, the characters split up to truss to loving expectations how association diagnoses madness when a person fails to perform his know identity appendage of a particular class as well(Schiffer 234). jump off of masses who go away form the bourgeoisie class effect payable to crumbling of patricians. The play contains a magic trick on a set of individuals who think they are phys ical exercise ability and control. Malvolio, a mere butler, perceives himself to be superior to toby fillpot jug, an soaker aristocrat and Maria, a servant. Toby, though an aristocrat, does not let on much situation initially, but in the end does contain most of the power. Toby and Marias garner in the end drive Malvolio out of control. This demonstrates the modernist mutation in the humanistic discipline during the late conversion in the service of the avant-garde. And perchance reflect Shakespeares position in studies was open to movements such as structural anthropology and feminism. In accessory to the typographical error elements of Shakespeares vocalism that are draw in the lines of ferment 2 pellet 2, there are as well as rhetorical aspects that set his cut back apart from that of other playwrights and authors. harmonise to Christine Ashby, a language researcher, the production of voice and its use as a neb are distract from the idea of the individu al. metaphorical voice represents the voice of the person explicit through their idea, archetype or logic. duodecimal Night is a play about the dramatisation of before long old-time issues such as gender and sex activity (Elam 2). This adheres to the far-famed take place plot that is typical of Shakespeares plays as explicit through the idea of a love triangle, star-crossed lovers, where women is deemed to be uneffective when it comes to love. For example, title 2 movie 2, Viola expresses how women are subjects to love for men. This derives from a bigger societal rendering foreign of the play. goal by assessing the give of Shakespeare, voice can be twain genuine and figurative. It reflects the authors thoughts, desires and provides insights into what the author would like the audience to think, or how he or she would like them to receive the play. Shakespeares voice is reflected in his rum style and techniques. The aspects of his impart that sets him apart fr om others field of study in combining to give his work his voice. Examining Shakespeares work has delicate rendering of voice as an accurate erratum sound of the writer, limpid figurative role, a unique commentary.ReferencesAshby, Christine. Whose share Is It anyway? cock-a-hoop give tongue to and qualitative question Involving Individuals That fictional character to Communicate. impairment Studies Quarterly. siege of Syracuse University, 2011. Web. 06 Dec. 2014. . gloss of literary Terms. hunter COLLEGE education/ physical composition kernel physical composition FOR side COURSES. Ed. Anna C. Rockowitz. hunter College reading material/theme Center, 1998. Web. 5 Dec. 2014. .Hudson, heat content N., Rev. Shakespeares ordinal Night Or, What You Will. capital of Massachusetts Ginn, 1895. Print.Schiffer, James. ordinal Night sunrise(prenominal) life-sustaining Essays. Abingdon, OX Routledge, 2011. Print.Shakespeare, William, and Elizabeth fib Donno. ordinal Night, Or, What You Will. Cambridge Cambridge UP, 1985. Print.Shakespeare, William, and Keir Elam. twelfth Night, Or, What You Will. capital of the United Kingdom Arden Shakespeare, 2008. Print.Shakespeare, William. 12th Night Or, What You Will. sunrise(prenominal) haven Yale UP, 1954. Print.Shakespeare, William. one-twelfth Night, by William Shakespeare. capital of the United Kingdom J. M. Dent, 1935. Print. The new-fashioned tabernacle Shakespeare.Shes the Man. Dir. Andy Fickman. Prod. Lauren Shuler-Donner and Ewan Leslie. By Ewan Leslie. Perf. Amanda Bynes, Channing Tatum, and Laura Ramsey. DreamWorks distribution LLC, 2006.Voice. Merriam-Webster. Merriam-Webster, n.d. Web. 07 Dec. 2014. . germ put down